Feedbeick heney smith



(No Model.)

F. E. SMITH.

VENTILATION 0P LAMPS. No. 297,460. Patented Apr. 22, 1884.

Wz'irzedvea' V 172216722307? Ilmren ra'rns arnn'r tries,

FREDERICK HENRY SMITH, OF IVINOHMORE HILL, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX,

' ENGLAND.

VENTILATION OF LAMPS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 297,460, dated April22, 1884.

Application filed February 19, 1883. (No model.) Patented in EnglandOctober 22, 1881, No. 4,638.

1'0 a, whom it may concern/,-

Be it known that I, FREDERICK HENRY SMlTH,a subject of the Queen ofGreat Britain, and residing at lVinchmore Hill, in the county 5 ofMiddleseX and Kingdom of Great Britain,

have invented certain new and useful Improved Arrangements andAppliances forVentilating Inclosed Lamps, Burners, Stoves, &c., (forwhich I have obtained Letters Patent in Great Britain, dated October 22,A. D. 1881, No. 4,638,) and I do hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, and eXact description of the invention, which will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame.

My invention relates, especially, to the ventilation of railway andother inclosed lamps, and has for its object the prevention of theintroduction into such lamps of drafts or currents of air in such manneras to cause the mounting up or increasing of the flame, so that itbecomes dull and smoky and heats the metallic parts of the lamp, theoil-cistern and its contents to an inconvenient and injuriouscxtent,which effects take place in such lamps constructed as heretofore.The invention is, however, generally applicable to the ventilation ofall kinds of closed gas lamps, stoves,

and burners, as well as to houses, chambers, kilns, railway-carriages,andother closed vehicles or places where it is required to remove warmor vitiated air from a given space, and to introduce cold or fresh airthereinto in place of the said warm or vitiated air. It may also beapplied to fire stoves, grates, furnaces, and other such like purposes.

In order thatthe said invention may be most clearly understood, I willnow proceed to describe the same by the aid of the accompanying sheet ofdrawings.

My invention as applied to railway and other similar lamps adapted toburn mineral oils consists of the arrangements illustrated in Figures 1,2, and 3, in which? Fig. 1 is a vertical section of such a railwaylamp;and Figs. 2 and 3, sectional plans onlines 1 2 and 3 4, respectively, ofFig. 1, Fig. 2 with the chimney M removed, and Fig. 3 with chimney M andfalse cover J removed.

An ordinary lamp, A, furnished with the usual air pipe or pipes, B B,extending from i the dome C of the burnerD to thespace above thereflector E, and with the usual pipe or pipes, F F, connecting the oilreservoir or tank G with the bird-fountain reservoir H, belonging to theburner, is fitted with a refiector, E, above the burner, somewhat in theusual way, such reflector having an opening, I, through its middle partover the said burner; but such opening I is not fitted directly with achimney. The aforesaid air and oil pipes B B and F F pass through thesaid reflector E much in the usual way. Above this reflector, and at adistance therefrom varying according to the size of the lamp and othercircumstances, is placed a false cover, J, of a shape somewhat similarto that of the reflector E below it, and having a central opening, K,therein, concentric with but rather smaller than that in the reflectorE, so that the edges of the opening K in the upper or false cover, J,project or sail over those of the opening I in the reflector E.

The central opening, K, in the false cover J has a short neck orchimney, L, attached to it, and externally to such neck or chimney isplaced a second and taller chimney, M, through the base of which aresometimes formed perforations N N, for conveying air into the spacebetween the outer chimney, M, and the inner short neck, L. Through thisneck L and chim ney M the products of combustion pass off from theburner. The outer edge of the false cover J is bent so as to form a rimwhich fits and rests on the upper side of the reflector E; or the falsecover J may be supported above the reflector E by other suitable means.The false cover J is perforated near its outer edge with several holes,1? I, for the admission of cold air into the space between the saidfalse cover J and the reflector E. The outer casing, 0, carrying theglass shade Q, into which the lamp is fitted, is perforated at its upperedge with holes R R, which by preference occur opposite to the oilchamber or tank G. The casing is also provided with the usual hingedcover, S.

The action of the arrangement is as follows: \Vhen the burner I) islighted,the air-to support combustion enters it by the air-pipes B B inthe usual way, and theheated products of com bustion pass up through theopening I in the reflector E and the opening K in the false cover J intothe neck L and chimney M, and in so doing they cause an induced currentof cold air to enter by the holes R R in the outer casing, O. Thiscurrent is deflected by the oil-tank G, and passes down the inside ofthe outer casing, O, part'going to the burner D by the air-pipes B B andpart to the holes I? 1? round the outer edge of the false cover J,passing through them into the space between the false cover J and thereflector E, and converging toward the central openings in the same,passing thence into the neck Lin a thin sheet spread round the insidethereof, and inclosing within it the column of heated gases arising fromthe burner in such a way as to isolate such hot gases from the chimney,and to prevent the undue heating of thelatter. A similar etfect isproduced on the reflector E and false cover J by the passage of thecurrent of air between them. A current of cold air also passes throughthe holes N N in the base of the chimney M (when it is found necessaryor desirable to employ such holes) into the space between the saidchimney and the inner neck, L, where it is deflected upward and mingleswith the aforesaid thin sheet of cold air coming from between thereflector E and thefalse cover J. The directions of these variouscurrents of air are shown by the arrows in Fig. 1. By these means aninjurious and disturbing draft of air is altogether avoided, as theinduced currents produced by theimp rovements above described are forcedto follow the course best adapted to produce the desired effects ofmaintaining the lamp cool and the light steady and uniform, and a moreperfect combustion is thereby effected. I

Although the above arrangementshave been described in relation to amineral-oil lamp, they are applicable by suitable modifications tolampsconsuming colza and other oils or gas,

and to lamp-eases or inclosed stoves gener-.

induced by them from outside the casing and conducted into the centralorifice, as shown by the arrows, so as to surround and isolate theheated products of combustion from the metallic parts, for the purposeof keeping the latter cool.

I claim- In inclosed lamps or burners, the reflector E, having anopening, I, in the center thereof, not fitted directly with a chimney,the false cover J, having a central opening, K, therein, concentricwithbut smaller than the opening I in the reflector E, the short neck orchimney L, attached to the false cover J, and the chimney M,external tothe short neck or chimney L, the whole constructed, arranged, combined,and operating so that the heated products of combustion emanating fromthe said lamp shall induce currents of air to be drawn in through theholes or openings Bin the outer casing, and be caused to traverse thespaces between the reflector E and the false cover J, and between theshort neck or chimney Land the longer chimney M, substantially ashereinbefore described, and illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of thedrawings, and for the purpose specified.

FREDERICK HENRY SMITH.

\Vitnesses:

STEPHEN EDWARD GUNYON,

l3 Farleigh Road, Stoke Newington, London. WVILLIAM ANDERSON SMITH,

5 Gulfm'd Grove, London, N.

